To begin, prepare the dough. In a large bowl, mix the flour, sugar, salt, and instant yeast. Gradually add the warm milk and vegetable oil, stirring with a spoon until the mixture forms a shaggy dough. Knead the dough by hand or with a stand mixer for 8–10 minutes until it becomes smooth and elastic. Cover the bowl with a damp cloth and let it rest in a warm place for 1–1.5 hours, or until the dough doubles in size.

While the dough is rising, prepare the filling. In a small bowl, combine the brown sugar, chopped walnuts, and ground cinnamon. Mix well and set aside. This sweet and nutty filling will create the iconic molten centre of the Hotteok.

Once the dough has risen, punch it down to release any air bubbles. Transfer it to a lightly floured surface and divide it into 8 equal portions. Roll each piece into a ball, ensuring they are uniform in size for even cooking.

Take one dough ball and flatten it into a disc with your hands. Place about 1 tbsp of the filling in the centre. Carefully gather the edges of the dough and pinch them together to seal the filling inside, forming a round bun. Repeat this process for all the dough balls.

Heat a non-stick skillet over medium-low heat and add 1 tbsp of vegetable oil. Once the oil is hot, place 2–3 filled dough balls into the skillet, seam side down. Cook for about 30 seconds, then press each ball gently with a spatula to flatten it into a pancake shape.

Cook the pancakes for 2–3 minutes on one side, or until golden brown. Flip them carefully and cook for an additional 2–3 minutes on the other side. Adjust the heat as needed to prevent burning while ensuring the sugar filling melts completely.

Once cooked, transfer the Hotteok to a plate lined with paper towels to remove excess oil. Repeat the cooking process for the remaining pancakes, adding more oil to the skillet as necessary.

Serve the Hotteok warm, as this is when the filling is gooey and aromatic. For presentation, cut them in half to reveal the molten centre, and garnish with a light dusting of powdered sugar if desired. Pair with a cup of green tea or a glass of milk to complement the flavours. Enjoy this sweet treat as a delightful snack or dessert!